Transmission: Campylobacteriosis bacteria are shed in the feces of infected animals. Cats can become infected by ingesting contaminated water or raw meat, or by coming into contact with contaminated feces. Humans can also contract Campylobacteriosis from infected animals, so proper hygiene is important.

Symptoms: Campylobacteriosis can cause diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and anorexia in cats. Kittens and those with underlying health issues are especially vulnerable.

Treatment: Supportive treatment is sufficient in most cases. Azithromycin (10 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 5-21 days) is warranted in immunocompromised cats or cats with systemic illness.

Transmission: Campylobacteriosis bacteria are shed in the feces of infected animals. Cats can become infected by ingesting contaminated water or raw meat, or by coming into contact with contaminated feces. Humans can also contract Campylobacteriosis from infected animals, so proper hygiene is important.

Symptoms: Campylobacteriosis can cause diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and anorexia in cats. Kittens and those with underlying health issues are especially vulnerable.

Treatment: Supportive treatment is sufficient in most cases. Azithromycin (10 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 5-21 days) is warranted in immunocompromised cats or cats with systemic illness.

Transmission:  Clostridioides bacteria are shed in the feces of infected animals. A small percentage (1-5%) of healthy cats carry C. difficile in their intestinal tract. Higher carriage rates are found in certain groups, such as young animals, animals in veterinary hospitals and animals that visit human hospitals as part of therapy programs. Cats can become infected by coming into contact with contaminated feces or soil. Humans can also contract Clostridioides from infected animals, so proper hygiene is important.

Symptoms: Most animals that are carrying Clostridioides do not get sick. Evidence of an association between Clostridioides and diarrhea in cats is currently lacking.

Treatment: Supportive treatment is sufficient in most cases. In cats with systemic illness, metronidazole (15 mg/kg PO every 12 h for 5-7 days) is the drug of choice.

Transmission: Clostridium bacteria are shed in the feces of infected animals. Clostridium bacterium is a normal bacteria found in the environment, commonly inhabiting decaying vegetation and marine sediment, as well as raw or improperly cooked meats and poultry.

Symptoms: Clostridium in cats is a complex syndrome that causes spontaneous diarrhea in felines. Experts estimate that nearly 15-20 percent of all feline diarrhea cases are Clostridium. However, when abnormally high levels of this bacteria is found in the intestine, it can lead to Clostridial enterotoxicosis. Symptoms typically last a week in acute cases and include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea. Long-term (chronic) cases of clostridial enterotoxicosis, meanwhile, involve recurrences of diarrhea, which may repeat every two to four weeks, and may continue for months to years.

Treatment: Supportive treatment is sufficient in most cases. In cats with systemic illness, metronidazole (15 mg/kg PO every 12 h for 5-7 days), amoxicillin (22 mg/kg PO every 12 h for 5-7 days), or tylosin (15 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 5-7 days) is recommended.

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Treatment: Supportive treatment is sufficient in most cases. Amoxicillin (22 mg/kg PO every 12 h for 7 days) given with Enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 7 days) is warranted in immunocompromised cats or cats with systemic illness.

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Treatment: Sulfadimethoxine (55 mg/kg PO initial dose followed by 27.5 mg/kg every 24 h for up to 14 days), or Ponazuril (50 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 4 days).

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Treatment: Sulfadimethoxine (55 mg/kg PO initial dose followed by 27.5 mg/kg every 24 h for up to 14 days), or Ponazuril (50 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 4 days).

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Treatment: Metronidazole (15 mg/kg PO every 12 h for 7 days), or Fenbendazole (50 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 5 days), or Secnidazole (30 mg/kg PO single dose). In systemic cases a combination of therapies may be required. Environmental control is important.

Transmission: xxx

Symptoms: xxx

Treatment: Metronidazole (15 mg/kg PO every 12 h for 7 days), or Fenbendazole (50 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 5 days), or Secnidazole (30 mg/kg PO single dose). In systemic cases a combination of therapies may be required. Environmental control is important.

Transmission: xxx

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Treatment: Metronidazole (15 mg/kg PO every 12 h for 7 days), or Fenbendazole (50 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 5 days), or Secnidazole (30 mg/kg PO single dose). In systemic cases a combination of therapies may be required. Environmental control is important.

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Treatment: Pyrantel pamoate (7.5 mg/kg PO repeated at 2 wks), or Fenbendazole (50 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 5 days.) in cats with systemic illness. Topicals like Selamectin, Moxidectin, or Emodepside may be used in parasite protection.

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Treatment: Pyrantel pamoate (7.5 mg/kg PO repeated at 2 wks), or Fenbendazole (50 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 5 days.) in cats with systemic illness. Topicals like Selamectin, Moxidectin, or Emodepside may be used in parasite protection.

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Transmission: In North America, B. procyonis infection rates in raccoons are very high, being found in around 70% of adult raccoons and 90% of juvenile raccoons. Transmission occurs similarly to other roundworm species, through the fecal-oral route. Eggs are produced by the worm while in the intestine, and the released eggs will mature to an infective state externally in the soil. When an infected egg is ingested, the larvae will hatch and enter the intestine. Transmission of B. procyonis may also occur through the ingestion of larvae found in infected tissue.

Symptoms: The intestinal form is most commonly found in adult cats, while infection of internal organs, particularly the brain and spinal cord (visceral disease) is more common in kittens. Often, there are not any outward symptoms associated with early onset of the disease, but occasionally cats will show signs of neurological disease due to the worm attacking the nervous system.

Treatment: Pyrantel pamoate (7.5 mg/kg PO repeated at 2 wks), or Fenbendazole (50 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 5 days.) in cats with systemic illness. Topicals like Selamectin, Moxidectin, or Emodepside may be used in parasite protection.

Transmission: xxx

Symptoms: xxx

Treatment: Pyrantel pamoate (7.5 mg/kg PO repeated at 2 wks), or Fenbendazole (50 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 5 days.) in cats with systemic illness. Topicals like Selamectin, Moxidectin, or Emodepside may be used in parasite protection.

Transmission: xxx

Symptoms: xxx

Treatment: Pyrantel pamoate (7.5 mg/kg PO repeated at 2 wks), or Fenbendazole (50 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 5 days.) in cats with systemic illness. Topicals like Selamectin, Moxidectin, or Emodepside may be used in parasite protection.

Transmission: xxx

Symptoms: xxx

Treatment: Pyrantel pamoate (7.5 mg/kg PO repeated at 2 wks), or Fenbendazole (50 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 5 days.) in cats with systemic illness. Topicals like Selamectin, Moxidectin, or Emodepside may be used in parasite protection.

Transmission: xxx

Symptoms: xxx

Treatment: Pyrantel pamoate (7.5 mg/kg PO repeated at 2 wks), or Fenbendazole (50 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 5 days.) in cats with systemic illness. Topicals like Selamectin, Moxidectin, or Emodepside may be used in parasite protection.

Transmission: xxx

Symptoms: xxx

Treatment: Praziquantel (1.5-1.9 lbs 1/4 tablet, 2-3 lbs 1/2 tablet, 4-8 lbs 1 tablet, 9-12 lbs 1.5 tablets, 13-16 lbs 2 tablets PO as a single dose), also available as a monthly topical to aid in parasite protection.

Transmission: xxx

Symptoms: xxx

Treatment: Praziquantel (1.5-1.9 lbs 1/4 tablet, 2-3 lbs 1/2 tablet, 4-8 lbs 1 tablet, 9-12 lbs 1.5 tablets, 13-16 lbs 2 tablets PO as a single dose), also available as a monthly topical to aid in parasite protection.

Transmission: xxx

Symptoms: xxx

Treatment: Praziquantel (1.5-1.9 lbs 1/4 tablet, 2-3 lbs 1/2 tablet, 4-8 lbs 1 tablet, 9-12 lbs 1.5 tablets, 13-16 lbs 2 tablets PO as a single dose), also available as a monthly topical to aid in parasite protection.

Transmission: xxx

Symptoms: xxx

Treatment: Praziquantel (1.5-1.9 lbs 1/4 tablet, 2-3 lbs 1/2 tablet, 4-8 lbs 1 tablet, 9-12 lbs 1.5 tablets, 13-16 lbs 2 tablets PO as a single dose), also available as a monthly topical to aid in parasite protection.

Transmission: xxx

Symptoms: xxx

Treatment: Supportive care, IV crystalloids and parenteral antimicrobials (ampicillin and fluoroquniolone), antiemetics, dextrose, colloids, antacids (H2-blockers or proton pump inhibitors).

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Treatment: Fenbendazole (50 mg/kg PO every 24 h for 5 days).